Ansible 连接主机显示报错的处理方案

郭靖 • 2023年9月28日上午2:17 • 系统运维 • 阅读 903

一、在ansible安装完毕后一般需要以SSH的方式连接到需要进行管理的目标主机，一开始遇到了如下问题：

192.168.15.4 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\r\n",
"unreachable": true
}
192.168.15.55 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\r\n",
"unreachable": true

原因分析：
没有在ansible管理节点（即安装ansible的节点）上添加目标节点（即需要管理的节点）的ssh认证信息。

解决步骤：
1：管理节点生成SSH-KEY

ssh-keygen

成功后在~/.ssh/路径下将生成ssh密钥文件：id_rsa及id_rsa.pub
2：添加目标节点的SSH认证信息

ssh-copy-id root@目标节点IP

这里root是在目标节点上登录的用户，@符号后面接目标节点IP即可，之后会提示输入目标节点root用户密码，输入即可。
添加认证信息后，目标节点主机的~/.ssh/目录下将会出现一个authorized_keys文件，里面包含了ansible管理节点的公钥信息，可以检查一下是否存在。
3：在确定目标主机的SSH认证信息都已正确添加且目标主机的~/.ssh/目录都存在管理节点的公钥信息后，再执行之前出错的ansible ping指令：

#ansible -m ping all

192.168.15.4 | SUCCES对之前未连接的主机进行连结时报错如下：S => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.15.55 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

二、对之前未连接的主机进行连结时报错如下：

[root@puppet ~]# ansible webservers -m command -a 'ls ~' -k
SSH password:
192.168.15.10 | FAILED | rc=0 >>
Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host.

解决步骤：
修改ansible.cfg文件

vi /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

找到以下行，让host_key_checking=False这行生效

uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking
host_key_checking = False

三、ansible requires a json module, none found!

SSH password:192.168.15.123 | FAILED >> { "failed": true, "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, nonefound!", "parsed": false}

解决步骤：
python版本过低，要不升级python要不就升级安装python-simplejson。yum install -y python-simplejson

四、第一次系统初始化运行生成本机ansible用户key时报错

failed: [127.0.0.1] =>{"checksum": "f5f2f20fc0774be961fffb951a50023e31abe920","failed": true}msg: Aborting, target uses selinux but pythonbindings (libselinux-python) aren't installed!FATAL: all hosts have already failed –aborting

解放步骤：

yum install libselinux-python -y

五、使用命令报错

·····Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/ansible", line 197, in (runner, results) = cli.run(options, args) File "/usr/bin/ansible", line 163, in run extra_vars=extra_vars, File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible/runner/init.py", line 233, in init cmd = subprocess.Popen(['ssh','-o','ControlPersist'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 639, in init errread, errwrite) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 1228, in _execute_child raise child_exceptionOSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

解决步骤：